What causes it
Damp patches that appear or worsen during heavy rain and then slowly dry between showers point to penetrating damp — water finding its way through the building fabric from the outside. Common culprits include cracked or eroded mortar joints, damaged render, blocked or overflowing gutters, defective lead flashings around chimneys, missing roof tiles, and porous brickwork on exposed elevations. South-westerly walls take the brunt of British weather and often suffer first. Solid-wall properties without a cavity are particularly vulnerable, since there is no air gap to break the moisture path.