What causes it
A persistent musty or earthy smell that hits you as you open the front door is the smell of microbial growth somewhere in the building — usually mould or mildew feeding on damp surfaces, soft furnishings, or timber. The cause is almost always elevated indoor humidity, which can come from poor ventilation, drying laundry indoors, blocked air bricks, an unheated property, hidden plumbing leaks, or — in older homes — a damp underfloor void venting up through gaps in floorboards. The smell tends to worsen when the property has been closed up for a few days.